Victoria 2 How To Become A Monarchy
.Full nameAlexandrina VictoriaFatherMotherReligionSignatureVictoria (Alexandrina Victoria; 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was from 20 June 1837 until her death. On 1 May 1876, she adopted the additional title of.Victoria was the daughter of, the fourth son of. Both the Duke and the King died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her mother,. She inherited the throne at the age of 18 after her father's elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children. The United Kingdom was already an established, in which the sovereign held relatively little direct political power.
Feb 11, 2018 Historical Flavour Mod for Victoria 2: Heart of Darkness. Bosnia will now use a different flag if it is an independent monarchy, it'll use the old one if it's an autonomous dependency; Changes to Map. The Dutch Antilles only became a constituent country in 1954, so it'd be very anachronistic.
Privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments; publicly, she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of.Victoria married her maternal first cousin in 1840. Their married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together, earning her the 'the grandmother of Europe',. After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided public appearances. As a result of her seclusion, temporarily gained strength, but in the latter half of her reign, her popularity recovered. Her and Diamond Jubilees were times of public celebration.Victoria's reign of 63 years and seven months was and is known as the. It was a period of industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military change within the United Kingdom, and was marked by a great expansion of the. She was the last of the.
Her son and successor, initiated the, the line of his father. Portrait of Victoria aged four by, 1823Victoria's father was, the fourth son of the reigning King of the United Kingdom,. Until 1817, Edward's niece, was the only legitimate grandchild of George III. Her death in 1817 precipitated a succession crisis that brought pressure on the Duke of Kent and his unmarried brothers to marry and have children. In 1818 he married, a widowed German princess with two children— (1804–1856) and (1807–1872)—by her first marriage to the. Her brother was Princess Charlotte's widower. The Duke and Duchess of Kent's only child, Victoria, was born at 4.15 a.m.
On 24 May 1819 at in London.Victoria was christened privately by the, on 24 June 1819 in the Cupola Room at Kensington Palace. She was baptised Alexandrina after one of her godparents, Emperor, and Victoria, after her mother. Additional names proposed by her parents—Georgina (or Georgiana), Charlotte, and Augusta—were dropped on the instructions of Kent's eldest brother,.At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession after the four eldest sons of George III: George, the Prince Regent (later George IV);; (later William IV); and Victoria's father, Edward, the Duke of Kent.
The Prince Regent had no surviving children, and the Duke of York had no children; further, both were estranged from their wives, who were both past child-bearing age, so the two eldest brothers were unlikely to have any further legitimate children. The Duke of Clarence and the Duke of Kent married on the same day in 1818, but both of Clarence's legitimate daughters died as infants.
The first of these was Princess Charlotte, who was born and died on 27 March 1819, two months before Victoria was born. Victoria's father died in January 1820, when Victoria was less than a year old. A week later her grandfather died and was succeeded by his eldest son as George IV.
Victoria was then third in line to the throne after York and Clarence. Clarence's second daughter was who lived for twelve weeks from 10 December 1820 to 4 March 1821 and, while Elizabeth lived, Victoria was fourth in line.The Duke of York died in 1827. When George IV died in 1830, he was succeeded by his next surviving brother, Clarence, as William IV, and Victoria became. The made special provision for Victoria's mother to act as regent in case William died while Victoria was still a minor. King William distrusted the Duchess's capacity to be regent, and in 1836 he declared in her presence that he wanted to live until Victoria's 18th birthday, so that a could be avoided. Heir presumptive. Portrait of Victoria with her spaniel Dash by, 1833Victoria later described her childhood as 'rather melancholy'.
Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called ', an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering, Sir, who was rumoured to be the Duchess's lover. The system prevented the princess from meeting people whom her mother and Conroy deemed undesirable (including most of her father's family), and was designed to render her weak and dependent upon them. The Duchess avoided the court because she was scandalised by the presence of King William's illegitimate children. Victoria shared a bedroom with her mother every night, studied with private tutors to a regular timetable, and spent her play-hours with her dolls and her,.
Her lessons included French, German, Italian, and Latin, but she spoke only English at home. Self-portrait, 1835In 1830, the Duchess of Kent and Conroy took Victoria across the centre of England to visit the, stopping at towns and great along the way.
Similar journeys to other parts of England and Wales were taken in 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835. To the King's annoyance, Victoria was enthusiastically welcomed in each of the stops. William compared the journeys to and was concerned that they portrayed Victoria as his rival rather than his heir presumptive. Victoria disliked the trips; the constant round of public appearances made her tired and ill, and there was little time for her to rest. She objected on the grounds of the King's disapproval, but her mother dismissed his complaints as motivated by jealousy and forced Victoria to continue the tours. At in October 1835, Victoria contracted a severe fever, which Conroy initially dismissed as a childish pretence. While Victoria was ill, Conroy and the Duchess unsuccessfully badgered her to make Conroy her private secretary.
As a teenager, Victoria resisted persistent attempts by her mother and Conroy to appoint him to her staff. Once queen, she banned him from her presence, but he remained in her mother's household.By 1836, the Duchess's brother, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry his niece to his nephew,.
Leopold, Victoria's mother, and Albert's father were siblings. Leopold arranged for Victoria's mother to invite her Coburg relatives to visit her in May 1836, with the purpose of introducing Victoria to Albert. William IV, however, disapproved of any match with the Coburgs, and instead favoured the suit of, second son of. Victoria was aware of the various matrimonial plans and critically appraised a parade of eligible princes. According to her diary, she enjoyed Albert's company from the beginning. After the visit she wrote, 'Albert is extremely handsome; his hair is about the same colour as mine; his eyes are large and blue, and he has a beautiful nose and a very sweet mouth with fine teeth; but the charm of his countenance is his expression, which is most delightful.' Alexander, on the other hand, she described as 'very plain'.Victoria wrote to her uncle Leopold, whom Victoria considered her 'best and kindest adviser', to thank him 'for the prospect of great happiness you have contributed to give me, in the person of dear Albert.
He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy. He is so sensible, so kind, and so good, and so amiable too. He has besides the most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance you can possibly see.' However at 17, Victoria, though interested in Albert, was not yet ready to marry.
The parties did not undertake a formal engagement, but assumed that the match would take place in due time. Victoria receives the news of her accession from (left). Engraving after painting by, 1887Victoria turned 18 on 24 May 1837, and a regency was avoided. Less than a month later, on 20 June 1837, died at the age of 71, and Victoria became Queen of the United Kingdom. In her diary she wrote, 'I was awoke at 6 o'clock by Mamma, who told me the and were here and wished to see me. I got out of bed and went into my sitting-room (only in my dressing gown) and alone, and saw them.
Lord Conyngham then acquainted me that my poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12 minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen.' Official documents prepared on the first day of her reign described her as Alexandrina Victoria, but the first name was withdrawn at her own wish and not used again.Since 1714, had shared a monarch with in Germany, but under women were excluded from the Hanoverian succession. While Victoria inherited all the British, her father's unpopular younger brother, the, became. He was her while she was childless. Coronation portrait byAt the time of Victoria's accession, the government was led by the prime minister.
The Prime Minister at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice. Supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was 'passionately fond of her as he might be of his daughter if he had one', and Victoria probably saw him as a father figure. Took place on 28 June 1838 at. Over 400,000 visitors came to London for the celebrations. She became the first sovereign to take up residence at and inherited the revenues of the duchies of and as well as being granted a allowance of £385,000 per year. Financially prudent, she paid off her father's debts.At the start of her reign Victoria was popular, but her reputation suffered in an 1839 court intrigue when one of her mother's ladies-in-waiting, developed an abdominal growth that was widely rumoured to be an out-of-wedlock pregnancy by Sir John Conroy. Victoria believed the rumours.
Victoria 2 Consciousness Event
She hated Conroy, and despised 'that odious Lady Flora', because she had conspired with Conroy and the Duchess of Kent in the. At first, Lady Flora refused to submit to an intimate medical examination, until in mid-February she eventually agreed, and was found to be a virgin. Conroy, the Hastings family, and the opposition organised a press campaign implicating the Queen in the spreading of false rumours about Lady Flora. When Lady Flora died in July, the post-mortem revealed a large tumour on her liver that had distended her abdomen. At public appearances, Victoria was hissed and jeered as 'Mrs. Melbourne'.In 1839, Melbourne resigned after and Tories (both of whom Victoria detested) voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of. The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the.
The Queen commissioned a Tory, Sir, to form a new ministry. At the time, it was customary for the prime minister to appoint members of the, who were usually his political allies and their spouses. Many of the Queen's were wives of Whigs, and Peel expected to replace them with wives of Tories. In what became known as the, Victoria, advised by Melbourne, objected to their removal. Peel refused to govern under the restrictions imposed by the Queen, and consequently resigned his commission, allowing Melbourne to return to office.
Marriage of Victoria and Albert, painted byThough Victoria was now queen, as an unmarried young woman she was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's close proximity promised 'torment for many years', Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a 'schocking alternative'. Victoria showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock.Victoria continued to praise Albert following his second visit in October 1839. Albert and Victoria felt mutual affection and the Queen proposed to him on 15 October 1839, just five days after he had arrived at Windsor. They were married on 10 February 1840, in the of, London. Victoria was love-struck.
She spent the evening after their wedding lying down with a headache, but wrote ecstatically in her diary:I NEVER, NEVER spent such an evening!!! MY DEAREST DEAREST DEAR Albert. His excessive love & affection gave me feelings of heavenly love & happiness I never could have hoped to have felt before! He clasped me in his arms, & we kissed each other again & again! His beauty, his sweetness & gentleness – really how can I ever be thankful enough to have such a Husband!. To be called by names of tenderness, I have never yet heard used to me before – was bliss beyond belief! This was the happiest day of my life!Albert became an important political adviser as well as the Queen's companion, replacing Lord Melbourne as the dominant influential figure in the first half of her life.
Victoria's mother was evicted from the palace, to Ingestre House in. After the death of Victoria's aunt, in 1840, Victoria's mother was given both. Through Albert's mediation, relations between mother and daughter slowly improved.
Contemporary lithograph of 's attempt to assassinate Victoria, 1840During Victoria's first pregnancy in 1840, in the first few months of the marriage, 18-year-old attempted to assassinate her while she was riding in a carriage with Prince Albert on her way to visit her mother. Oxford fired twice, but either both bullets missed or, as he later claimed, the guns had no shot. He was tried for, found not guilty on the grounds of, committed to an insane asylum indefinitely, and later sent to live in. In the immediate aftermath of the attack, Victoria's popularity soared, mitigating residual discontent over the affair and the. Her daughter, also named, was born on 21 November 1840. The Queen hated being pregnant, viewed breast-feeding with disgust, and thought newborn babies were ugly. Nevertheless, over the following seventeen years, she and Albert had a further eight children: (b.
1853) and (b. 1857).Victoria's household was largely run by her childhood governess, Baroness from. Lehzen had been a formative influence on Victoria and had supported her against the Kensington System.
Albert, however, thought that Lehzen was incompetent and that her mismanagement threatened his daughter's health. After a furious row between Victoria and Albert over the issue, Lehzen was pensioned off in 1842, and Victoria's close relationship with her ended.
Portrait by, 1843On 29 May 1842, Victoria was riding in a carriage along, when John Francis aimed a pistol at her, but the gun did not fire. The assailant escaped; however the following day, Victoria drove the same route, though faster and with a greater escort, in a deliberate attempt to provoke Francis to take a second aim and catch him in the act. As expected, Francis shot at her, but he was seized by plainclothes policemen, and convicted of high treason.
On 3 July, two days after Francis's death sentence was commuted to, John William Bean also tried to fire a pistol at the Queen, but it was loaded only with paper and tobacco and had too little charge. Edward Oxford felt that the attempts were encouraged by his acquittal in 1840. Bean was sentenced to 18 months in jail. In a similar attack in 1849, unemployed Irishman William Hamilton fired a powder-filled pistol at Victoria's carriage as it passed along. In 1850, the Queen did sustain injury when she was assaulted by a possibly insane ex-army officer,. As Victoria was riding in a carriage, Pate struck her with his cane, crushing her bonnet and bruising her forehead.
Both Hamilton and Pate were sentenced to seven years' transportation.Melbourne's support in the House of Commons weakened through the early years of Victoria's reign, and in the the Whigs were defeated. Peel became prime minister, and the most associated with the Whigs were replaced. Earliest known photograph of Victoria, here with her eldest daughter, c.
1845In 1845, Ireland was hit by a. In the next four years, over a million Irish people died and another million emigrated in what became known as the. In Ireland, Victoria was labelled 'The Famine Queen'. In January 1847 she personally donated £2,000 (equivalent to between £178,000 and £6.5 million in 2016 ) to the, more than any other individual famine relief donor, and also supported the to a Roman Catholic seminary in Ireland, despite Protestant opposition. The story that she donated only £5 in aid to the Irish, and on the same day gave the same amount to, was a myth generated towards the end of the 19th century.By 1846, Peel's ministry faced a crisis involving the repeal of the. Many Tories—by then known also as —were opposed to the repeal, but Peel, some Tories (the 'Peelites'), most Whigs and Victoria supported it. Peel resigned in 1846, after the repeal narrowly passed, and was replaced.
Victoria's British Prime MinistersYearPrime Minister (party)183518411846(W)1852 (Feb)(C)1852 (Dec)18551858Earl of Derby (C)1859Viscount Palmerston (L)1865Earl Russell (L)1866Earl of Derby (C)1868 (Feb)(C)1868 (Dec)(L)1874Benjamin Disraeli (C)1880William Gladstone (L)1885(C)1886 (Feb)William Gladstone (L)1886 (Jul)Marquess of Salisbury (C)1892William Gladstone (L)1894(L)1895Marquess of Salisbury (C)Seefor details of her British and Imperial premiersInternationally, Victoria took a keen interest in the improvement of relations between France and Britain. She made and hosted several visits between the British royal family and the, who were related by marriage through the Coburgs. In 1843 and 1845, she and Albert stayed with King at in Normandy; she was the first British or English monarch to visit a French monarch since the meeting of and on the in 1520. When Louis Philippe made a reciprocal trip in 1844, he became the first French king to visit a British sovereign.
Louis Philippe was deposed in the, and fled to exile in England. At the height of a revolutionary scare in the United Kingdom in April 1848, Victoria and her family left London for the greater safety of, a private estate on the that they had purchased in 1845 and redeveloped. Demonstrations by and failed to attract widespread support, and the scare died down without any major disturbances. Victoria's first visit to Ireland in 1849 was a public relations success, but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism.Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances.
It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President in France without consulting the Prime Minister. The following year, President Bonaparte was declared Emperor Napoleon III, by which time Russell's administration had been replaced by a short-lived minority government led. Albert, Victoria and their nine children, 1857. Left to right: Alice, Arthur, Prince Albert, Albert Edward, Leopold, Louise, Queen Victoria with Beatrice, Alfred, Victoria and HelenaIn 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, with the aid of the new anaesthetic,.
Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who considered it against biblical teaching, and members of the medical profession, who thought it dangerous. Victoria may have suffered from after many of her pregnancies. Letters from Albert to Victoria intermittently complain of her loss of self-control. For example, about a month after Leopold's birth Albert complained in a letter to Victoria about her 'continuance of hysterics' over a 'miserable trifle'.In early 1855, the government of, who had replaced Derby, fell amidst recriminations over the poor management of British troops in the. Victoria approached both Derby and Russell to form a ministry, but neither had sufficient support, and Victoria was forced to appoint Palmerston as prime minister.Napoleon III, who had been Britain's closest ally since the Crimean War, visited London in April 1855, and from 17 to 28 August the same year Victoria and Albert returned the visit. Napoleon III met the couple at and accompanied them to Paris. They visited the (a successor to Albert's 1851 brainchild the ) and 's tomb at (to which his remains had only been in 1840), and were guests of honour at a 1,200-guest ball at the.
Portrait by Winterhalter, 1859On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the French military port of on 5 August 1858, in an attempt by Napoleon III to reassure Britain that his military preparations were directed elsewhere.
On her return Victoria wrote to Derby reprimanding him for the poor state of the in comparison to the. Derby's ministry did not last long, and in June 1859 Victoria recalled Palmerston to office.Eleven days after Orsini's assassination attempt in France, Victoria's eldest daughter married in London. They had been betrothed since September 1855, when Princess Victoria was 14 years old; the marriage was delayed by the Queen and Prince Albert until the bride was 17. The Queen and Albert hoped that their daughter and son-in-law would be a liberalising influence in the enlarging state. Victoria felt 'sick at heart' to see her daughter leave England for Germany; 'It really makes me shudder', she wrote to Princess Victoria in one of her frequent letters, 'when I look round to all your sweet, happy, unconscious sisters, and think I must give them up too – one by one.' Almost exactly a year later, Princess Victoria gave birth to the Queen's first grandchild, who would become the last German Emperor.Widowhood. Victoria photographed by, 1860In March 1861, Victoria's mother died, with Victoria at her side.
Through reading her mother's papers, Victoria discovered that her mother had loved her deeply; she was heart-broken, and blamed Conroy and Lehzen for 'wickedly' estranging her from her mother. To relieve his wife during her intense and deep grief, Albert took on most of her duties, despite being ill himself with chronic stomach trouble. In August, Victoria and Albert visited their son, who was attending army manoeuvres near Dublin, and spent a few days holidaying in.
In November, Albert was made aware of gossip that his son had slept with an actress in Ireland. Appalled, Albert travelled to Cambridge, where his son was studying, to confront him. By the beginning of December, Albert was very unwell. He was diagnosed with by, and died on 14 December 1861. Victoria was devastated. She blamed her husband's death on worry over the Prince of Wales's philandering.
He had been 'killed by that dreadful business', she said. She entered a state of and wore black for the remainder of her life.
She avoided public appearances, and rarely set foot in London in the following years. Her seclusion earned her the nickname 'widow of Windsor'. Her weight increased through comfort eating, which further reinforced her aversion to public appearances.Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—, and the private estate in Scotland that she and Albert had acquired in 1847,. In March 1864 a protester stuck a notice on the railings of that announced 'these commanding premises to be let or sold in consequence of the late occupant's declining business'. Her uncle Leopold wrote to her advising her to appear in public.
She agreed to visit the gardens of the at and take a drive through London in an open carriage. Victoria and John Brown at Balmoral, 1863. Photograph by.Through the 1860s, Victoria relied increasingly on a manservant from Scotland,. Slanderous rumours of a romantic connection and even a secret marriage appeared in print, and the Queen was referred to as 'Mrs. The story of their relationship was the subject of the 1997 movie. A painting by Sir depicting the Queen with Brown was exhibited at the, and Victoria published a book, Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands, which featured Brown prominently and in which the Queen praised him highly.Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power.
In 1866, Victoria attended the for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to many urban working men, though she was not in favour of votes for women. Derby resigned in 1868, to be replaced by, who charmed Victoria.
'Everyone likes flattery,' he said, 'and when you come to royalty you should lay it on with a trowel.' With the phrase 'we authors, Ma'am', he complimented her.
Disraeli's ministry only lasted a matter of months, and at the end of the year his Liberal rival, was appointed prime minister. Victoria found Gladstone's demeanour far less appealing; he spoke to her, she is thought to have complained, as though she were 'a public meeting rather than a woman'.In 1870 republican sentiment in Britain, fed by the Queen's seclusion, was boosted after the establishment of the.
A republican rally in demanded Victoria's removal, and Radical MPs spoke against her. In August and September 1871, she was seriously ill with an in her arm, which successfully lanced and treated with his new antiseptic spray. In late November 1871, at the height of the republican movement, the Prince of Wales contracted typhoid fever, the disease that was believed to have killed his father, and Victoria was fearful her son would die. As the tenth anniversary of her husband's death approached, her son's condition grew no better, and Victoria's distress continued. To general rejoicing, he recovered. Mother and son attended a public parade through London and a grand service of thanksgiving in on 27 February 1872, and republican feeling subsided.On the last day of February 1872, two days after the thanksgiving service, 17-year-old Arthur O'Connor, a great-nephew of Irish MP, waved an unloaded pistol at Victoria's open carriage just after she had arrived at Buckingham Palace.
Brown, who was attending the Queen, grabbed him and O'Connor was later sentenced to 12 months' imprisonment, and a. As a result of the incident, Victoria's popularity recovered further. Empress of Indiahas original text related to this article. After the, the, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the were formally incorporated into the. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities on both sides. She wrote of 'her feelings of horror and regret at the result of this bloody civil war', and insisted, urged on by Albert, that an official proclamation announcing the transfer of power from the company to the state 'should breathe feelings of generosity, benevolence and religious toleration'.
At her behest, a reference threatening the 'undermining of native religions and customs' was replaced by a passage guaranteeing religious freedom. Victoria admired 's 1875 portrait of her for its 'honesty, total want of flattery, and appreciation of character'.In the, Disraeli was returned to power. He passed the, which removed Catholic rituals from the Anglican liturgy and which Victoria strongly supported.
She preferred short, simple services, and personally considered herself more aligned with the than the. Disraeli also pushed the through Parliament, so that Victoria took the title 'Empress of India' from 1 May 1876. The new title was proclaimed at the of 1 January 1877.On 14 December 1878, the anniversary of Albert's death, Victoria's second daughter, who had married, died of in. Victoria noted the coincidence of the dates as 'almost incredible and most mysterious'. In May 1879, she became a great-grandmother (on the birth of ) and passed her 'poor old 60th birthday'. She felt 'aged' by 'the loss of my beloved child'.Between April 1877 and February 1878, she threatened five times to abdicate while pressuring Disraeli to act against Russia during the, but her threats had no impact on the events or their conclusion with the.
Disraeli's expansionist foreign policy, which Victoria endorsed, led to conflicts such as the and the. 'If we are to maintain our position as a first-rate Power', she wrote, 'we must. Be Prepared for attacks and wars, somewhere or other, CONTINUALLY.' Victoria saw the expansion of the British Empire as civilising and benign, protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers: 'It is not in our custom to annexe countries', she said, 'unless we are obliged & forced to do so.' To Victoria's dismay, Disraeli lost the, and Gladstone returned as prime minister.
When Disraeli died the following year, she was blinded by 'fast falling tears', and erected a memorial tablet 'placed by his grateful Sovereign and Friend, Victoria R.I.' Victorian, 1884On 2 March 1882, a disgruntled poet apparently offended by Victoria's refusal to accept one of his poems, shot at the Queen as her carriage left. Two schoolboys from struck him with their umbrellas, until he was hustled away by a policeman. Victoria was outraged when he was found not guilty by reason of insanity, but was so pleased by the many expressions of loyalty after the attack that she said it was 'worth being shot at—to see how much one is loved'.On 17 March 1883, she fell down some stairs at Windsor, which left her lame until July; she never fully recovered and was plagued with rheumatism thereafter. Died 10 days after her accident, and to the consternation of her private secretary, Sir, Victoria began work on a eulogistic biography of Brown. Ponsonby and, who had both seen early drafts, advised Victoria against publication, on the grounds that it would stoke the rumours of a love affair.
The manuscript was destroyed. In early 1884, Victoria did publish More Leaves from a Journal of a Life in the Highlands, a sequel to her earlier book, which she dedicated to her 'devoted personal attendant and faithful friend John Brown'. On the day after the first anniversary of Brown's death, Victoria was informed by telegram that her youngest son, had died in. He was 'the dearest of my dear sons', she lamented. The following month, Victoria's youngest child, met and fell in love with at the wedding of Victoria's granddaughter to Henry's brother.
Beatrice and Henry planned to marry, but Victoria opposed the match at first, wishing to keep Beatrice at home to act as her companion. After a year, she was won around to the marriage by Henry and Beatrice's promise to remain living with and attending her. Extent of the in 1898Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated. She thought his government was 'the worst I have ever had', and blamed him for the death of at. Gladstone was replaced.
Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was forced to recall Gladstone, whom she referred to as a 'half crazy & really in many ways ridiculous old man'. Gladstone attempted to pass, but to Victoria's glee it was defeated. In, Gladstone's party lost to Salisbury's and the government switched hands again.Golden Jubilee. Victoria in her official photograph byOn 23 September 1896, Victoria surpassed her grandfather as the. The Queen requested that any special celebrations be delayed until 1897, to coincide with her, which was made a festival of the at the suggestion of the,.
The prime ministers of all the Dominions were invited to London for the festivities. One reason for including the prime ministers of the Dominions and excluding foreign heads of state was to avoid having to invite Victoria's grandson, who, it was feared, might cause trouble at the event.The Queen's Diamond Jubilee procession on 22 June 1897 followed a route six miles long through London and included troops from all over the empire. The procession paused for an open-air service of thanksgiving held outside, throughout which Victoria sat in her open carriage, to avoid her having to climb the steps to enter the building. The celebration was marked by vast crowds of spectators and great outpourings of affection for the 78-year-old Queen. Queen Victoria in Dublin, 1900Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays.
In 1889, during a stay in, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvisable. Instead, the Queen went to Ireland for the first time since 1861, in part to acknowledge the contribution of Irish regiments to the South African war. Death and succession. Queen Victoria aged 80, 1899In July 1900, Victoria's second son ('Affie') died. My poor darling Affie gone too', she wrote in her journal.
'It is a horrible year, nothing but sadness & horrors of one kind & another.' Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at on the. Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame, and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts. Through early January, she felt 'weak and unwell', and by mid-January she was 'drowsy. Dazed, and confused'.
She died on Tuesday 22 January 1901, at half past six in the evening, at the age of 81. Her son and successor, and her eldest grandson, were at her deathbed. Her favourite, Turi, was laid upon her deathbed as a last request. Poster proclaiming a day of mourning in on the day ofIn 1897, Victoria had written instructions for, which was to be military as befitting a soldier's daughter and the head of the army, and white instead of black. On 25 January, Edward, Wilhelm and, helped lift her body into the coffin. She was dressed in a white dress and her wedding veil.
An array of mementos commemorating her extended family, friends and servants were laid in the coffin with her, at her request, by her doctor and dressers. One of Albert's dressing gowns was placed by her side, with a plaster cast of his hand, while a lock of John Brown's hair, along with a picture of him, was placed in her left hand concealed from the view of the family by a carefully positioned bunch of flowers. Items of jewellery placed on Victoria included the wedding ring of John Brown's mother, given to her by Brown in 1883. Her funeral was held on Saturday 2 February, in, and after two days of lying-in-state, she was interred beside Prince Albert in at.With a reign of 63 years, seven months and two days, Victoria was the British monarch and the in world history until her great-great-granddaughter surpassed her on 9 September 2015. She was the last monarch of Britain from the. Her son and successor Edward VII belonged to her husband's.Legacy.
Victoria amused. The remark 'We are not amused' is attributed to her but there is no direct evidence that she ever said it, and she denied doing so.According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life. From July 1832 until just before her death, she kept a detailed, which eventually encompassed 122 volumes. After Victoria's death, her youngest daughter, was appointed her literary executor. Beatrice transcribed and edited the diaries covering Victoria's accession onwards, and burned the originals in the process. Despite this destruction, much of the diaries still exist.
In addition to Beatrice's edited copy, transcribed the volumes from 1832 to 1861 before Beatrice destroyed them. Part of Victoria's extensive correspondence has been published in volumes edited by, Lord Esher, and among others.Victoria was physically unprepossessing—she was stout, dowdy and only about five feet tall—but she succeeded in projecting a grand image. She experienced unpopularity during the first years of her widowhood, but was well liked during the 1880s and 1890s, when she embodied the empire as a benevolent matriarchal figure. Only after the release of her diary and letters did the extent of her political influence become known to the wider public. Biographies of Victoria written before much of the primary material became available, such as 's Queen Victoria of 1921, are now considered out of date. The biographies written by and, in 1964 and 1972 respectively, are still widely admired.
They, and others, conclude that as a person Victoria was emotional, obstinate, honest, and straight-talking. Contrary to popular belief, her staff and family recorded that Victoria 'was immensely amused and roared with laughter' on many occasions.Through Victoria's reign, the gradual establishment of a modern in Britain continued.
Reforms of the voting system increased the power of the at the expense of the and the monarch. In 1867, wrote that the monarch only retained 'the right to be consulted, the right to encourage, and the right to warn'. As Victoria's monarchy became more symbolic than political, it placed a strong emphasis on morality and family values, in contrast to the sexual, financial and personal scandals that had been associated with previous members of the House of Hanover and which had discredited the monarchy. The concept of the 'family monarchy', with which the burgeoning middle classes could identify, was solidified.
Charles, Barrie (2012) Kill the Queen! The Eight Assassination Attempts on Queen Victoria, Stroud: Amberley Publishing,. (2000) Queen Victoria: A Personal History, London: HarperCollins,. (1964) Victoria R.I., London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson,. Marshall, Dorothy (1972) The Life and Times of Queen Victoria, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1992 reprint. Packard, Jerrold M. (1998) Victoria's Daughters, New York: St.
Martin's Press,.; Potts, W. (1995) Queen Victoria's Gene: Haemophilia and the Royal Family, Stroud: Alan Sutton,. St Aubyn, Giles (1991) Queen Victoria: A Portrait, London: Sinclair-Stevenson,. (1921) Queen Victoria, London: Chatto and Windus. Waller, Maureen (2006) Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England, London: John Murray,. (1997) Albert: Uncrowned King, London: John Murray,. (1972) Queen Victoria: Her Life and Times 1819–1861, London: Hamish Hamilton,.
(2018) Queen Victoria – Daughter, Wife, Mother, Widow, London: Hodder & Stoughton Ltd,Published primary sources.; (editors, 1907) The Letters of Queen Victoria: A Selection of Her Majesty's Correspondence Between the Years 1837 and 1861, London: John Murray. (editor, 1938) Letters of Queen Victoria from the Archives of the House of Brandenburg-Prussia, London: Thornton Butterworth.
(editor, 1926) The Letters of Queen Victoria, 2nd Series 1862–1885, London: John Murray. Buckle, George Earle (editor, 1930) The Letters of Queen Victoria, 3rd Series 1886–1901, London: John Murray. Connell, Brian (1962) Regina v.
It is also not possible to liberate a city when you capture it from its original owner, making it impossible for the player to resurrect a civilization they conquered completely unless another civ later captures one of the extinct civ's cities from you and you then capture it back. Civ 5 conquer city states. Capturing cities Edit. When a city's hit points reach '1', an enemy melee unit may enter the city, regardless of whether or not there are any units already inside. When this occurs, the city is captured. Any units which were stationed inside, be it land, naval or air units.